NYSE:V

VISA INC.

United StatesConsumerServices-Business Services, NECNYSE

420.42

USD · Close 3 Nov 2026

Intrinsic value vs last close

Model estimate

Close below intrinsic value

+167.8%Intrinsic value vs last close

−50%At last close+100%+500%

Last close (USD): 420.42
Intrinsic value (USD): 1,125.68

Intrinsic value = sector model's value (no adjustment)

Earnings-capitalised value

Not available: the company reported a loss last year or its shares have too short a price history.

Model reliability: Medium; Model fitInput stabilityRisk checks; High requires the model’s diagnostic criteria to be met.
Probability of outperforming peers: Not assessed; A separate peer-outperformance probability is unavailable for this valuation.

Assessed 4 Nov 2026Not updated with daily prices

These assessments address different questions. Neither establishes that the displayed valuation is correct or guarantees a future return.

Published filingsValued 4 Nov 2026Anchored to close on 3 Nov 2026The gap is recalculated when the close changes; the value updates weekly.

Valuation Breakdown

Services-Business Services, NEC→Consumer

Classified as consumer from the industry its market data reports: “Services-Business Services, NEC”.

ModelFCF-Based DCF

Intrinsic = 70% x DCF Value + 30% x (Fair P/E x EPS)

A Discounted Cash Flow model built on Free Cash Flow (FCF), the cash a business generates after operating expenses and capital expenditures. Future FCF is projected for 10 years with gradually decaying growth, then discounted to today's value using WACC. The DCF value is blended 70/30 with a value from the company's own historical P/E.

Technical details

Why this model

Consumer staples/retail generate steady, predictable free cash flows, making them ideal for DCF. The time value of money principle means a dollar today is worth more than a dollar tomorrow. DCF captures this by discounting future cash flows at a rate reflecting the investment's risk (WACC).

How it works

Takes 3-year median FCF as the base. Estimates growth via ROIC x reinvestment rate (Damodaran framework), falling back to historical revenue growth. Projects 10 years with decay toward the sector's long-run growth rate. Discounts at CAPM-derived WACC. Blends 70% of the DCF value with 30% of a P/E value: the company's 5-year median P/E, held between 5x and 25x, times EPS.

Best for

Stable consumer businesses (food, beverage, retail, healthcare) with predictable, positive free cash flows.

Weighted Avg Cost of Capital

Risk-Free (Rf)

4.94%

Betasector default

0.739

ERP

4.20%

CRP

0.22%

Cost of Equity (Ke)

8.26%

E/(D+E)

65.26%

Kd(1-t)

2.54%

D/(D+E)

34.74%

WACC

8.00%

Growth Estimate

fundamental firm blend5.50%

Growth decays 10%/yr toward terminal

Model Inputs

Base FCF→20.21B

Projection years→10

Valuation

We compare the sector model's value with the last close. This market has no track record here yet, so the value is shown as the model gives it.

Last close (USD)→420.42

Intrinsic value vs last close→+167.8%

Intrinsic value = sector model's value (no adjustment)

Intrinsic value (USD)

1,125.68

What feeds each step— click a source to highlight it in the statements

Discount rate (WACC)8.00%

Growth rate5.50%growth method: fundamental firm blend

Base cash flow20.2Bone off strip ratio: 0

DCF Sensitivity

Values from the standalone DCF scenarios below. These scenarios leave out the other parts of a blended model and do not reproduce the headline value.

WACC \ Growth	2.5%	4.0%	5.5%	7.0%	8.5%
6.0%	2,181.94	2,214.23	2,276.73	2,404.75	2,577.24
7.0%	1,446.41	1,467.93	1,509.35	1,593.34	1,705.66
8.0%	1,078.64	1,094.79	1,125.66	1,187.68	1,270.00
9.0%	857.98	870.90	895.46	944.31	1,008.70
10.0%	710.87	721.64	741.99	782.09	834.59

Above market priceBelow market priceCurrent estimate

NYSE:V among Consumer

Every valued stock in the sector on this market, NYSE:V marked: model value vs close across, market value up, model reliability into the board

Each bead is one valued stock in the sector; the amber bead with its stem is NYSE:V. Drag to turn; open another stock from its bead.

Feeds valuation:Cost of capitalGrowthModel inputsFinal calculation

Line item	2026	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016	2015	2014	2013	2012	2011	2010	2009	2008	2007	2006
Cash and cash equivalentsNet debt bridge	·	17,164	11,975	16,286	15,689	16,487	16,289	7,838	8,162	9,874	5,619	3,518	1,971	2,186	2,074	2,127	3,867	4,617	4,979	275	270
Short-term investmentsNet debt bridge	·	·	·	·	·	·	3,604	4,110	3,434	·	·	·	·	·	·	·	·	·	·	·	·
Fixed assets	·	4,236	3,824	3,425	3,223	2,715	2,737	2,695	2,472	2,253	2,150	1,888	1,892	1,732	1,634	1,541	1,357	1,204	1,080	·	·
TOTAL ASSETS	·	99,627	94,511	90,499	85,501	82,896	80,919	72,574	69,225	67,977	64,035	40,236	38,569	35,956	40,013	34,760	33,408	32,281	34,981	·	·
Short-term borrowingsDiscount rate (WACC) +1	·	5,569	0.00	0.00	2,250	999	2,999	0.00	0.00	1,749	0.00	·	·	·	·	·	12	12	51	·	·
Long-term borrowingsDiscount rate (WACC) +1	·	19,602	20,836	20,463	20,200	19,978	21,071	16,729	16,630	16,618	15,882	0.00	·	·	·	·	32	44	55	·	·
OWNER'S EQUITYDiscount rate (WACC)	·	37,909	39,137	38,733	35,581	37,589	36,210	34,684	34,006	32,760	32,912	29,842	27,413	26,870	27,630	26,437	25,014	23,193	21,141	−463	583
MINORITY INTERESTSNet debt bridge	·	·	·	·	·	·	·	·	·	·	·	·	·	·	·	·	3	4	0.00	·	·

Earnings Quality

Fiscal year 2025

Good

Accrual QualityLow accruals vs reported earnings

100

Cash ConversionOperating cash flow vs net income

Margin StabilityConsistency of profit margins

100

Revenue QualityConsistency of revenue growth

100

Quantitative Scores

F-Score

6/9

Neutral

Sharpe

0.78

Positive

Piotroski F-Score Breakdown

✓Net Income > 0

✓Operating CF > 0

✗ROA Rising

✓OCF > Net Income

✓Lower Leverage

✗Better Liquidity

✓No Dilution

✗Margin Up

✓Turnover Up

Price Risk

Momentum

+8.5%

Volatility

20.3%

Max Drawdown

−17.4%

Key Ratios

Fiscal year 2025

—P/E

P/B: —
P/S: —
ROE: 52.9%
Net Margin: 50.1%
D/E: 0.66
Rev Growth: +11.3%
EV/EBITDA: —
Div Yield: —

Company Overview

Shares outstanding: 469M
Industry: Services-Business Services, NEC

Computed 04/11/2026

Intrinsic value vs last close

Earnings-capitalised value

Valuation Breakdown

DCF Sensitivity

NYSE:V among Consumer

Financial Statements

Earnings Quality

Quantitative Scores

Key Ratios

Company Overview

NYSE:V among Consumer